LLMs ranked by Lichess Classical rating, estimated from real results using Glicko-2 and engine anchors
| # | Player | Rating ▼ | FIDE Est. | RD | 95% CI | Games | W-L-D | Legal% | Released | $/Game |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eubos * | 2357 | ~2265 | N/A | N/A | 54 | 53-0-1 | 100.0% | - | - |
| 2 | gemini-3.1-pro-preview (high) 👑 | 2144 | ~2007 | 92 | 1963 - 2325 | 18 | 11-6-1 | 99.7% | 02/26 | $3.9501 |
| 3 | gpt-6-astra (high) | 2039 | ~1828 | 73 | 1896 - 2182 | 26 | 15-8-3 | 99.7% | 09/26 | ~$1.6461 |
| 4 | gemini-3.1-pro-preview (medium) | 2032 | ~1813 | 57 | 1919 - 2144 | 55 | 36-17-2 | 99.6% | 02/26 | $1.2145 |
| 5 | gemini-3-pro-preview (high) | 1953 | ~1730 | 76 | 1805 - 2102 | 51 | 34-17-0 | 99.7% | 11/25 | $2.1865 |
| 6 | gemini-3.5-flash (medium) | 1944 | ~1726 | 95 | 1757 - 2131 | 11 | 7-4-0 | 99.3% | 05/26 | $0.3577 |
| 7 | gemini-3.6-flash (medium) | 1916 | ~1692 | 89 | 1743 - 2090 | 30 | 15-12-3 | 99.7% | 07/26 | $0.3535 |
| 8 | gemini-3.8-flash (high) | 1877 | ~1660 | 141 | 1601 - 2153 | 5 | 1-4-0 | 100.0% | 09/26 | ≥$1.0166 |
| 9 | gemini-3-flash-preview (medium) | 1857 | ~1630 | 87 | 1687 - 2027 | 27 | 22-5-0 | 97.9% | 12/25 | $1.2733 |
| 10 | maia-1900 * | 1816 | ~1560 | N/A | N/A | 244 | 134-70-40 | 100.0% | - | - |
| 11 | gpt-6-astra (medium) | 1779 | ~1509 | 100 | 1584 - 1975 | 12 | 5-3-4 | 99.2% | 09/26 | ≥$0.9577 |
| 12 | gemini-3-flash-preview (high) | 1750 | ~1475 | 127 | 1500 - 1999 | 18 | 14-4-0 | 98.3% | 12/25 | $2.4565 |
| 13 | survival-bot | 1660 | N/A | 45 | 1571 - 1748 | 114 | 39-41-34 | 100.0% | - | - |
| 14 | maia-1100 * | 1628 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 533 | 427-68-38 | 100.0% | - | - |
| 15 | gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct 🥇 | 1586 | N/A | 65 | 1458 - 1714 | 118 | 56-23-39 | 99.6% | 09/23 | $0.0361 |
| 16 | gpt-5.6-sol (high) | 1532 | N/A | 80 | 1374 - 1689 | 23 | 12-7-4 | 98.7% | 07/26 | ≥$1.1980 |
| 17 | gpt-6.1-sol (high) | 1490 | N/A | 165 | 1166 - 1814 | 1 | 0-1-0 | 100.0% | - | - |
| 18 | gpt-5.6-luna (xhigh) | 1476 | N/A | 96 | 1287 - 1665 | 17 | 12-4-1 | 98.5% | 07/26 | ≥$0.9223 |
| 19 | gpt-5.6-sol (xhigh) | 1446 | N/A | 89 | 1271 - 1622 | 17 | 8-6-3 | 99.0% | 07/26 | ≥$1.5602 |
| 20 | grok-4.1-fast Retired | 1442 | N/A | 58 | 1329 - 1556 | 65 | 29-30-6 | 98.9% | 11/25 | $0.3571 |
| 21 | gpt-5.1 (high) | 1428 | N/A | 70 | 1290 - 1566 | 39 | 16-18-5 | 99.7% | 11/25 | $3.2021 |
| 22 | gpt-5.6-sol (medium) | 1413 | N/A | 87 | 1242 - 1584 | 21 | 11-7-3 | 98.9% | 07/26 | ≥$0.9863 |
| 23 | gpt-6.1-sol (medium) | 1388 | N/A | 167 | 1061 - 1715 | 5 | 3-2-0 | 98.2% | - | - |
| 24 | deepseek-v4-flash-0731 (high) | 1381 | N/A | 96 | 1193 - 1569 | 13 | 9-4-0 | 99.8% | 07/26 | $0.2173 |
| 25 | o3 | 1334 | N/A | 130 | 1079 - 1589 | 27 | 17-9-1 | 99.2% | 04/25 | $1.6340 |
| 26 | deepseek-v4-flash-0731 (max) | 1294 | N/A | 100 | 1098 - 1490 | 11 | 6-5-0 | 99.3% | 07/26 | $0.2317 |
| 27 | deepseek-v4.1-flash (high) | 1277 | N/A | 133 | 1016 - 1538 | 3 | 1-2-0 | 100.0% | 09/26 | $0.3713 |
| 28 | gemini-3.8-flash (medium) | 1271 | N/A | 149 | 979 - 1563 | 10 | 5-5-0 | 95.5% | 09/26 | $0.0922 |
| 29 | grok-4-fast | 1267 | N/A | 66 | 1137 - 1397 | 52 | 24-23-5 | 98.0% | 09/25 | $0.3032 |
| 30 | gpt-5.6-terra (xhigh) | 1210 | N/A | 92 | 1029 - 1391 | 18 | 7-5-6 | 98.3% | 07/26 | ≥$0.8126 |
| 31 | gpt-5.6-sol (low) | 1203 | N/A | 83 | 1041 - 1365 | 23 | 10-10-3 | 98.9% | 07/26 | ≥$0.4972 |
| 32 | claude-opus-5.5 (medium) | 1197 | N/A | 347 | 517 - 1876 | 2 | 0-2-0 | 98.3% | 09/26 | ~$0.4073 |
| 33 | claude-opus-5.5 (high) | 1197 | N/A | 347 | 517 - 1876 | 2 | 0-2-0 | 97.2% | 09/26 | ~$0.6147 |
| 34 | claude-opus-4.6 (medium) | 1174 | N/A | 318 | 550 - 1797 | 5 | 4-1-0 | 95.7% | 02/26 | $1.4881 |
| 35 | claude-fable-5.1 (high) | 1137 | N/A | 295 | 560 - 1715 | 4 | 0-4-0 | 100.0% | 09/26 | ≥$1.3518 |
| 36 | gpt-5.4 (high) | 1132 | N/A | 91 | 955 - 1310 | 30 | 13-11-6 | 99.7% | 03/26 | ≥$0.9011 |
| 37 | gpt-5 (medium) | 1086 | N/A | 202 | 691 - 1480 | 22 | 17-4-1 | 100.0% | 08/25 | $2.5053 |
| 38 | grok-4.3 (high) | 1055 | N/A | 238 | 588 - 1521 | 2 | 0-2-0 | 100.0% | 04/26 | $0.3861 |
| 39 | gpt-5.2 (high) | 1039 | N/A | 85 | 872 - 1206 | 62 | 44-13-5 | 99.7% | 12/25 | $1.3418 |
| 40 | claude-opus-4.5 (high) | 1012 | N/A | 179 | 661 - 1364 | 17 | 6-11-0 | 96.2% | 11/25 | $4.0983 |
| 41 | kimi-k2-thinking | 938 | N/A | 261 | 426 - 1449 | 1 | 0-1-0 | 100.0% | 11/25 | $0.5088 |
| 42 | deepseek-v4-flash (max) | 917 | N/A | 121 | 680 - 1155 | 15 | 12-2-1 | 97.0% | 04/26 | $0.2658 |
| 43 | grok-4.3 (medium) | 905 | N/A | 186 | 541 - 1269 | 5 | 0-5-0 | 96.8% | 04/26 | $0.2466 |
| 44 | gpt-oss-120b (high) | 681 | N/A | 72 | 541 - 821 | 52 | 26-18-8 | 99.2% | 08/25 | $0.0875 |
| 45 | gpt-5.6-terra (medium) | 674 | N/A | 114 | 450 - 897 | 21 | 11-6-4 | 98.3% | 07/26 | ≥$0.4020 |
| 46 | gpt-5.4 (minimal) | 667 | N/A | 254 | 169 - 1166 | 3 | 2-1-0 | 100.0% | 03/26 | $1.1049 |
| 47 | gpt-5.2-chat | 657 | N/A | 68 | 524 - 790 | 75 | 29-34-12 | 97.3% | 12/25 | $0.5170 |
| 48 | gemini-3-flash-preview (low) | 650 | N/A | 67 | 518 - 782 | 36 | 26-10-0 | 94.6% | 12/25 | $0.1264 |
| 49 | gpt-5.2 (no thinking) | 645 | N/A | 57 | 534 - 756 | 68 | 35-24-9 | 97.5% | 12/25 | $0.8860 |
| 50 | gpt-5.6-luna (high) | 637 | N/A | 96 | 448 - 826 | 14 | 8-5-1 | 98.4% | 07/26 | ≥$0.4377 |
| 51 | gemini-2.5-flash (thinking) | 636 | N/A | 165 | 312 - 960 | 3 | 0-3-0 | 83.8% | 06/25 | $0.0851 |
| 52 | gemini-3-pro-preview (medium) | 623 | N/A | 73 | 480 - 765 | 34 | 25-9-0 | 95.2% | 11/25 | $0.2616 |
| 53 | gpt-5.6-terra (high) | 596 | N/A | 110 | 380 - 812 | 17 | 7-7-3 | 98.1% | 07/26 | ≥$0.4509 |
| 54 | gpt-5.6-terra (low) | 585 | N/A | 100 | 389 - 782 | 16 | 5-9-2 | 96.1% | 07/26 | ≥$0.1734 |
| 55 | gpt-5.5 (low) | 578 | N/A | 59 | 462 - 693 | 47 | 26-14-7 | 98.0% | 04/26 | ≥$0.5045 |
| 56 | gpt-5.5 (xhigh) | 564 | N/A | 76 | 415 - 712 | 55 | 24-29-2 | 96.8% | 04/26 | ≥$4.1982 |
| 57 | gpt-5.1-chat | 553 | N/A | 45 | 465 - 641 | 295 | 233-54-8 | 97.2% | 11/25 | $0.1604 |
| 58 | gpt-oss-120b (medium) | 519 | N/A | 62 | 399 - 640 | 82 | 32-41-9 | 98.6% | 08/25 | $0.0243 |
| 59 | gpt-5.6-luna (low) | 504 | N/A | 104 | 301 - 707 | 13 | 4-9-0 | 94.6% | 07/26 | ≥$0.0912 |
| 60 | gpt-5.1 (no thinking) | 489 | N/A | 55 | 381 - 598 | 59 | 28-29-2 | 96.1% | 11/25 | $0.2062 |
| 61 | gpt-5.5 (medium) | 485 | N/A | 60 | 368 - 603 | 41 | 17-16-8 | 97.6% | 04/26 | ≥$0.7919 |
| 62 | gpt-5.6-luna (medium) | 467 | N/A | 102 | 267 - 667 | 17 | 4-12-1 | 93.8% | 07/26 | ≥$0.1372 |
| 63 | o4-mini-high | 408 | N/A | 209 | -2 - 818 | 4 | 1-3-0 | 93.6% | 04/25 | $0.9237 |
| 64 | random-bot * | 400 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2002 | 1457-485-60 | 100.0% | - | - |
| 65 | gpt-5.5 (high) | 399 | N/A | 62 | 278 - 521 | 38 | 12-19-7 | 97.2% | 04/26 | ≥$1.0637 |
| 66 | deepseek-chat-v3.1 (thinking) | 399 | N/A | 349 | -285 - 1082 | 3 | 0-3-0 | 90.2% | 08/25 | $0.0847 |
| 67 | gemini-2.5-flash (no thinking) | 371 | N/A | 45 | 283 - 459 | 287 | 193-92-2 | 95.3% | 06/25 | $0.0025 |
| 68 | gemini-2.5-pro (default) | 347 | N/A | 62 | 225 - 469 | 48 | 18-30-0 | 92.8% | 06/25 | $0.7138 |
| 69 | gemini-3-flash-preview (minimal) | 328 | N/A | 78 | 176 - 480 | 20 | 8-12-0 | 92.4% | 12/25 | $0.0163 |
| 70 | deepseek-v4-pro (max) | 312 | N/A | 218 | -116 - 739 | 3 | 2-1-0 | 88.0% | 04/26 | $0.4180 |
| 71 | claude-opus-4.1 (no thinking) | 311 | N/A | 45 | 222 - 399 | 202 | 147-55-0 | 95.0% | 08/25 | $0.1578 |
| 72 | claude-opus-4 (no thinking) | 299 | N/A | 45 | 211 - 388 | 202 | 146-54-2 | 95.2% | 05/25 | $0.1890 |
| 73 | gpt-5-chat | 265 | N/A | 45 | 177 - 353 | 361 | 233-128-0 | 92.9% | 08/25 | $0.0082 |
| 74 | gemini-2.0-flash-001 | 262 | N/A | 45 | 174 - 350 | 295 | 182-112-1 | 93.9% | 02/25 | $0.0006 |
| 75 | gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview | 240 | N/A | 74 | 96 - 385 | 20 | 4-16-0 | 88.1% | 03/26 | $0.0082 |
| 76 | mimo-v2-flash (medium) | 235 | N/A | 92 | 54 - 416 | 17 | 3-12-2 | 95.3% | 02/26 | $0.0888 |
| 77 | deepseek-v4-flash (high) | 225 | N/A | 247 | -259 - 709 | 1 | 0-1-0 | 93.1% | 04/26 | $0.1200 |
| 78 | gpt-5 (no thinking) | 225 | N/A | 61 | 105 - 345 | 54 | 19-35-0 | 91.2% | 08/25 | $0.0200 |
| 79 | gemma-4-31b-it (high) | 220 | N/A | 146 | -66 - 506 | 2 | 0-2-0 | 91.1% | 04/26 | $0.0276 |
| 80 | gpt-5 (minimal) | 209 | N/A | 45 | 121 - 297 | 214 | 138-76-0 | 91.9% | 08/25 | $0.0075 |
| 81 | gpt-oss-120b (low) | 183 | N/A | 60 | 65 - 300 | 45 | 9-34-2 | 95.2% | - | $0.0106 |
| 82 | gpt-5.4 (no thinking) | 178 | N/A | 142 | -102 - 457 | 8 | 4-4-0 | 93.2% | 03/26 | $0.0195 |
| 83 | claude-opus-4.5 (no thinking) | 175 | N/A | 76 | 26 - 324 | 30 | 6-24-0 | 90.1% | 11/25 | $0.5156 |
| 84 | claude-haiku-4.5 (thinking) | 167 | N/A | 168 | -161 - 496 | 5 | 2-3-0 | 90.2% | 10/25 | $2.8806 |
| 85 | o1 | 159 | N/A | 58 | 46 - 273 | 83 | 55-28-0 | 92.9% | 12/24 | $1.6262 |
| 86 | claude-sonnet-4 (thinking) | 158 | N/A | 209 | -252 - 568 | 6 | 0-6-0 | 91.7% | 05/25 | $1.5596 |
| 87 | claude-sonnet-4.5 (thinking) | 157 | N/A | 209 | -253 - 568 | 6 | 0-6-0 | 92.2% | 09/25 | $3.3296 |
| 88 | gpt-4.1 (minimal) | 132 | N/A | 45 | 44 - 220 | 204 | 121-83-0 | 89.8% | 04/25 | $0.0100 |
| 89 | claude-sonnet-4.5 (no thinking) | 117 | N/A | 45 | 29 - 206 | 201 | 114-87-0 | 91.0% | 09/25 | $0.0256 |
| 90 | gpt-5.5 (no thinking) | 103 | N/A | 98 | -90 - 295 | 20 | 2-17-1 | 93.1% | 04/26 | $0.0637 |
| 91 | grok-3-mini | 50 | N/A | 68 | -84 - 184 | 96 | 21-75-0 | 88.8% | 06/25 | $0.0421 |
| 92 | claude-sonnet-4 (no thinking) | 45 | N/A | 45 | -43 - 133 | 199 | 101-98-0 | 88.4% | 05/25 | $0.0162 |
| 93 | gpt-4 | 18 | N/A | 45 | -70 - 106 | 204 | 96-108-0 | 86.9% | 03/23 | $0.1509 |
| 94 | qwen3-max | 10 | N/A | 50 | -88 - 109 | 101 | 28-73-0 | 82.1% | 09/25 | $0.0067 |
| 95 | claude-opus-4.6 (no thinking) | 7 | N/A | 142 | -271 - 285 | 9 | 0-9-0 | 93.4% | 02/26 | $0.4140 |
| 96 | deepseek-r1-0528 (high) | 0 | N/A | 350 | -686 - 686 | 2 | 0-2-0 | 84.6% | 05/25 | $0.1647 |
| 97 | claude-3.5-sonnet | -5 | N/A | 45 | -94 - 83 | 195 | 89-106-0 | 87.1% | 06/24 | $0.0526 |
| 98 | grok-3 | -16 | N/A | 45 | -104 - 73 | 203 | 88-115-0 | 86.1% | 02/25 | $0.0156 |
| 99 | deepseek-v4-pro (no thinking) | -27 | N/A | 140 | -301 - 248 | 3 | 1-2-0 | 77.3% | 04/26 | $0.0009 |
| 100 | gpt-4o-2024-11-20 | -40 | N/A | 45 | -129 - 48 | 210 | 90-120-0 | 83.6% | 11/24 | $0.0088 |
| 101 | claude-opus-4.7 (no thinking) | -48 | N/A | 303 | -642 - 545 | 1 | 0-1-0 | 88.9% | 04/26 | $0.0625 |
| 102 | deepseek-r1-0528 | -48 | N/A | 303 | -642 - 545 | 3 | 0-3-0 | 88.4% | 05/25 | $0.1434 |
| 103 | deepseek-r1 | -48 | N/A | 303 | -642 - 545 | 5 | 0-5-0 | 80.0% | 01/25 | $0.0816 |
| 104 | deepseek-v4-pro (high) | -48 | N/A | 303 | -642 - 545 | 1 | 0-1-0 | 77.8% | 04/26 | $0.0084 |
| 105 | deepseek-v3.2 (thinking) | -49 | N/A | 193 | -428 - 330 | 8 | 1-7-0 | 89.7% | 12/25 | $0.3370 |
| 106 | claude-3-opus | -55 | N/A | 45 | -143 - 33 | 193 | 75-118-0 | 85.4% | 03/24 | - |
| 107 | deepseek-v4-flash (no thinking) | -59 | N/A | 161 | -375 - 258 | 1 | 0-1-0 | 50.0% | 04/26 | $0.0002 |
| 108 | gemma-4-31b-it (no thinking) | -66 | N/A | 130 | -322 - 189 | 4 | 0-4-0 | 72.4% | 04/26 | $0.0004 |
| 109 | claude-3.7-sonnet (no thinking) | -72 | N/A | 45 | -160 - 16 | 208 | 87-121-0 | 83.5% | 02/25 | $0.0187 |
| 110 | claude-3.7-sonnet (thinking) | -80 | N/A | 277 | -622 - 462 | 6 | 0-6-0 | 85.7% | 02/25 | $2.2045 |
| 111 | deepseek-v3.2 (no thinking) | -125 | N/A | 90 | -301 - 51 | 68 | 7-61-0 | 72.5% | 12/25 | $0.0011 |
| 112 | kimi-k2 | -126 | N/A | 45 | -214 - -37 | 289 | 109-180-0 | 81.5% | 07/25 | $0.0029 |
| 113 | llama-4-maverick | -156 | N/A | 45 | -244 - -67 | 392 | 111-281-0 | 80.9% | 04/25 | $0.0017 |
| 114 | deepseek-chat-v3-0324 | -166 | N/A | 45 | -254 - -77 | 273 | 95-178-0 | 80.6% | 03/25 | $0.0009 |
| 115 | kimi-k2-0905 | -176 | N/A | 45 | -264 - -87 | 277 | 85-192-0 | 78.2% | 09/25 | $0.0015 |
| 116 | kimi-k2.5 (no thinking) | -182 | N/A | 160 | -496 - 133 | 11 | 1-10-0 | 80.4% | 01/26 | $0.0022 |
| 117 | deepseek-v4-flash-0731 (no thinking) | -189 | N/A | 164 | -510 - 132 | 1 | 0-1-0 | 66.7% | 07/26 | $0.0002 |
| 118 | gpt-4-turbo | -197 | N/A | 45 | -285 - -109 | 199 | 65-134-0 | 81.5% | 04/24 | $0.0556 |
| 119 | kat-coder-pro | -211 | N/A | 84 | -376 - -45 | 26 | 6-20-0 | 83.5% | 11/25 | - |
| 120 | glm-4.6 (thinking) | -216 | N/A | 82 | -376 - -56 | 45 | 9-36-0 | 81.5% | 09/25 | $0.0252 |
| 121 | deepseek-v3.2-exp (no thinking) | -221 | N/A | 45 | -309 - -133 | 226 | 69-157-0 | 76.2% | 09/25 | $0.0011 |
| 122 | deepseek-v3.1-terminus (no thinking) | -229 | N/A | 45 | -318 - -141 | 136 | 66-70-0 | 80.3% | 09/25 | $0.0003 |
| 123 | gpt-3.5-turbo-0613 | -236 | N/A | 45 | -324 - -148 | 259 | 72-187-0 | 75.6% | 06/23 | $0.0056 |
| 124 | deepseek-r1-distill-qwen-32b | -248 | N/A | 76 | -397 - -98 | 35 | 11-24-0 | 71.6% | 01/25 | $0.0054 |
| 125 | mistral-medium-3 | -262 | N/A | 45 | -350 - -173 | 279 | 81-198-0 | 73.8% | 05/25 | $0.0015 |
| 126 | glm-4.6 (no thinking) | -280 | N/A | 45 | -368 - -192 | 269 | 65-204-0 | 75.6% | 09/25 | $0.0108 |
| 127 | qwen3-235b-a22b-2507 | -298 | N/A | 71 | -437 - -159 | 50 | 7-43-0 | 66.0% | 07/25 | $0.0001 |
| 128 | claude-haiku-4.5 (no thinking) | -311 | N/A | 45 | -399 - -223 | 90 | 26-64-0 | 80.1% | 10/25 | $0.0028 |
| 129 | deepseek-chat-v3.1 (no thinking) | -312 | N/A | 45 | -400 - -224 | 282 | 70-212-0 | 73.5% | 08/25 | $0.0008 |
| 130 | gpt-5-mini (minimal) | -376 | N/A | 45 | -465 - -288 | 243 | 44-199-0 | 63.7% | 08/25 | $0.0010 |
| 131 | mimo-v2-flash (no thinking) | -494 | N/A | 87 | -664 - -325 | 26 | 3-23-0 | 48.9% | 02/26 | $0.0001 |
| 132 | llama-3.3-70b-instruct | -500 | N/A | 45 | -588 - -412 | 369 | 37-332-0 | 53.8% | 12/24 | $0.0002 |
| 133 | gpt-3.5-turbo | -500 | N/A | 45 | -588 - -412 | 299 | 15-284-0 | 47.8% | 11/22 | $0.0012 |
👑 = Top-rated LLM
🥇 = Top-rated non-reasoning LLM
* = Anchor player (fixed rating, used for calibration)
Greyed rows = Rating still preliminary (needs more games)
FIDE Est. = Estimated FIDE rating based on ChessGoals.com survey data
RD = Rating Deviation (uncertainty in rating)
95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval
Legal% = Percentage of moves that were legal on first attempt
$/Game = Average cost per game based on provider pricing; ~ marks an estimate; ≥ marks a lower bound with missing usage